Sprinklers that eject water mist instead of water, are another alternative. SMART (Simultaneous Monitoring, Assessment and Response Technology) sprinklers, which use more than one detection technology, and should react more quickly, are currently being developed. Automatic fire sprinkler systems are also available and are effective in large areas such as offices and shopping centres. The response time is as fast as a standard wet pipe sprinkler system. ![]() Water is not stored in the pipes until a fire is detected, when the water is released to the sprinkler heads. Pre-action sprinkler systems are a combination of wet and dry pipe systems, typically used in areas at high-risk of water damage. They are triggered by an alarm that opens a water release valve. On activation by a fire, the air leaks out of the pipes, causing the water to flow through the pipes to the sprinkler heads.ĭeluge sprinkler systems are typically used in areas where rapid fire damage is a major concern, such as warehouse loading bays and high-rise buildings. In these systems, the nozzle is always open. Nitrogen gas or pressurised air is stored in the pipes, connected to a water storage tank or main. In a wet pipe fire sprinkler system, the most common type in residential buildings, cold water is stored under pressure in the pipes and is released immediately by sprinkler heads when the predetermined heat level is reached.ĭry pipe sprinkler systems take slightly longer to activate and are used in unheated/unoccupied buildings where pipes may freeze and burst. There are four main types of fire sprinkler system: A system will generally involve water being held under pressure in a network of pipes running through a building. They are now extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. Sprinkler systems have been around since the late 19 th century, when they were pioneered by Hiram Stevens Maxim. ![]() It controls or extinguishes the fire, so is both a fire detection and suppression system. The sprinkler discharges water automatically when a fire is detected, though it is not triggered by smoke. Installed in ceilings or side walls, the system consists of a water supply, a water distribution piping system and sprinkler heads. ![]() A fire sprinkler system is a simple, but key, active component of a domestic or commercial building’s fire protection system.
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